International anti-corruption standards

As argued earlier, corruption in Kazakhstan seems to thrive because of a weak legal framework as well as inefficient public administration system. Procurement malpractices are also catalyzed by a thriving economy, driven by vast oil deposits. The establishment of a capitalist economy has attracted direct foreign investment. All these factors conglomerate and create the necessary conditions for corruption⁶⁶. Within the anticorruption circles in Kazakhstan, corruption is viewed as systematically ingrained in the culture of the ruling elite. While analyzed Vis a Vis the big bang theory these views tends to confirm the theory’s assertion that people history may falsely determine the way they behave in the present. This implies that people tend to borrow from history in determining the present behavior. As such, corruption agents are motivated to engage in corrupt malpractices by an already existing culture of corruption⁶⁷. This assertion tends to explain the existence of endemic corruption in Kazakhstan.

Since the 1990s the Kazakh government, buoyed by a thriving democratic environment, has undertaken gradual political as well as economic reforms, all aimed at engaging anti corruption agents at both domestic and international level. At the domestic front, the government, through the Kazakhstan parliament passed a series of statutes and laws to curtailed corrupt practices. As reported by OECD, domestic laws in Kazakhstan are compressed into a comprehensive legal document aimed at suppressing corruption in the public and private sectors⁶⁸ ⁶⁹ ⁷⁰. While the Kazakhstani government has done a lot to counter corruption at the domestic front, international anti corruption agents have taken notes of the effects of corruption in curtailing the growth and development the nation at large. As reported through Wikileaks cables, Mr. Kulibayev and others relatives and friend of the Kazakh president have for along time received improper payment on behalf of President Nursultan Nazarbayev⁷¹. This proves corruption in Kazakhstan is deep rooted and that Bo Rothstein Big Bang theory on corruption is exemplified in Kazakhstan.